Malaria vaccine is in the works

Kenyans take part in a parade dubbed "Yes We Can" as part of the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria conference in Nairobi, Nov. 4, 2009. African scientists have announced a trial in seven African countries for a vaccine against malaria. (Thomas Mukoya/Reuters)

NAIROBI, Kenya — A vaccine against malaria to save the lives of hundreds of thousands
of children a year could be available as early as 2012, according to African scientists who are testing the new drug.

There are 247 million cases of malaria every year leading to the deaths of 881,000 people, as reported in GlobalPost's "Bug Wars" series. A total of 3.3 billion people are at risk of malaria in 109 countries. But the worst impact is in Africa and on children: 90 percent of the malaria deaths are in Africa and 85 percent of all the deaths are children under 5 years old.

“We believe that a vaccine for malaria could help save countless lives and redefine the future of African children,” said Dr. Patricia Njuguma, one of the vaccine’s principal investigators, based in Kilifi, Kenya. “Working as a pediatrician I see everyday the effect of malaria on children. I see … the concern mothers have when their children have high fever, convulsions or lapse into coma.”

An international team of scientists announced late in 2009 that the world’s largest trial of a vaccine called RTS,S — or Mosquirix — is underway in seven African countries in order to determine the effectiveness and safety of the drug on a large scale.

The trial is to involve 16,000 children in Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Gabon, Ghana and Burkina Faso, all within the malarial belt that stretches across sub-Saharan Africa.

“The first child was vaccinated in Bagamoyo … and to date we have over 5,000 children already vaccinated,” said Dr. Salim Abdulla, the other lead investigator, who works in the seaside town of Bagamoyo in Tanzania.

RTS,S is the most likely candidate to be rolled out as a malaria vaccine in the coming years. According to one of its inventors, Dr. Joe Cohen, a research scientist at GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals in Belgium, the vaccine might be available as early as 2012.

“This is the culmination of more than 20 years of work,” said Dr. Cohen. “Never before has a vaccine been developed against a human parasite, let alone a devilishly complex parasite such as the one responsible for malaria.”

This next stage of testing is expected to last between three and five years at which point there should to be enough information for national regulatory authorities to decide whether to license the vaccine in their countries.

Ultimately the decision will be theirs but Dr. Christian Loucq, director of the non-profit PATH Malaria Vacine Initiative, largely funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, was optimistic and insisted that countries should prepare themselves now to ensure rapid distribution of the vaccine when it is ready.