A girl sits among poultry and luggage in the back of a cart near the Cambodian-Thai border, about 75 miles northeast of Siem Reap, Oct. 16, 2008. Increasing poverty in Southeast Asia is heightening children’s vulnerability and contributing to the increasing number of them trapped in the multi-billion dollar commercial sex trade. (Adrees Latif/Reuters)

Child sex boom fueled by poverty

It's just another dark day in Thailand.

By Deena Guzder - Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting
Published: October 28, 2009 08:40 ET
Updated: October 29, 2009 11:24 ET

BANGKOK, Thailand — Narisaraporn Asipong, a matronly social worker at the “Mercy Center” shelter met 8-year-old Niran (a pseudonym) five years ago in Klong Toey, Bangkok’s largest concentration of slum communities.

“His step-father was beating him so he was scared to go home,” says Asipong, who has worked with street children for the last seven years. “He came with me to Mercy Center and I enrolled him in school.” A year later, Niran returned home because he missed his mother. “One day, I saw him on the streets again,” she says. “He looked very skinny and unhealthy.”

Asipong was not surprised when she heard that Niran was living with an older man who offered him food, money and video games in exchange for sexual favors. “There are groups of people who take advantage of children and sexually exploit them,” says Asipong. “The children get tricked easily because of promises of quick money.”

Niran told Asipong he was sick, and had HIV/AIDS. The United Nations estimates that 1 percent of Thailand's population is infected with the HIV virus — nearly three times the rate in the U.S. “When I last saw Niran in the hospital he told me that he wanted to be a good boy again,” says Asipong. On Aug. 22, 2009, Aspiong attended Niran’s cremation ceremony in Kanchanabuori, Thailand.

Niran was just one of the estimated 1.8 million children worldwide trapped in the multi-billion dollar commercial sex trade every year. Commercial sexual exploitation of children is booming according to a new global report, and governments are not doing enough to protect young people.

"The recent economic downturn is set to drive more vulnerable children and young people to be exploited by the global sex trade," says Carmen Madrinan, executive director of ECPAT International, the organization that authored the August 2009 report. "The indifference that sustains the criminality, greed and perverse demands of adults for sex with children and young people needs to end."

Increasing poverty in children’s countries of origin and smaller budgets for social services are two of the factors heightening children’s vulnerability. Deterioration of living conditions often compels young people to abandon school in order to contribute to the family income, putting them at risk of seeking livelihood options that lead to their being exploited, according to ECPAT International.

As a result of the current global downturn, hundreds of factories have closed in Thailand, leaving thousands of both Thai and non-Thai workers unemployed. Unemployment is rising at a rate of about 100,000 workers a month and may climb to 1.5 million by the end of the year.

“If you ask me, the government is not correcting the source of the problem,” says Asipong. “It’s just treating the symptoms. Poverty is a big contribution to the problem in Thailand, especially in the countryside. Whether parents or children, both have to struggle to survive.”

Street children and stateless children are extremely vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation, says Amanda Bissex, UNICEF Thailand's Chief of Child Protection. "We need to improve law enforcement and the economic welfare of children," she says, "but we also need to address people's attitudes and create an environment where there is zero tolerance for abuse of children, whether in their home country or overseas."

Comments:

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Posted by gbm22 on October 28, 2009 17:16 ET

Deena,

Can you please provide a link or citation for the ILO statistic you mention in the last paragraph (14% of GDP in some Southeast Asia countries coming from sex touris)?

thanks!

Posted by deena on October 29, 2009 00:51 ET

Thanks for reading the article.

Here's the Press Statement from the ILO; although a bit outdated, two NGOs I interviewed independently confirmed the estimate as still relevant today (one NGO said the increased mobility of people between countries may have increased the contribution of sex tourism to the GDP): http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/Media_and_public_information/Pre...

Posted by joelgershon on October 28, 2009 23:12 ET

The ILO report she cites is from 1998 - hardly up to date. The ILO report also suggests it's anywhere from 2-14 percent, too. But really, if you think about it, there is really no way to accurately tell this kind of thing. As if tourist would admit to frequenting a sex worker... It's all totally circumspect. No good reporter would rely on a 10 plus year report that is seriously questionable. (If you only knew how much the ILO mistreats its own workers, you wouldn't believe anything they put out).

And other reporting from this writer is similarly shoddy. Notice that she also spells Kanchanaburi wrong. What a joke that she got a grant to come to Thailand to report. Hope she had a nice vacation before trying to tear this place down

Posted by MongerSEA on October 29, 2009 05:57 ET

On the contrary, it is possible to come to a very good estimate of the number of sex-tourists in Thailand. Simply start with a reasonable guess at the number of sex-workers in establishments focused towards foreigners (60,000) and multiply by the average number of customers per sex-worker per day (anecdotally, about .3 across the full range of venues) and you arrive at a number around 18,000 sex-tourists in-country on an average day.

Then take that number and multiply by 365 to get 65.7 million total sex-tourist-days. Multiply again by an estimate of daily hotel and food costs (4000 baht) plus the average daily spend on "entertainment" times how often the average punter is likely to indulge; if the spend is 3000 baht, 3 days out 4, the final formula can be given as 67,000,000 * (4000 + (.75 * 3000)) = a fairly trivial figure of 41 billion baht.

Given the CIA Factbook 2007 estimate of Thailand's GDP at around 8 trillion baht, total economic contributions (excluding air component which contributes a negligible amount with a non-Thai carrier) of sex-tourists would weigh in at around 0.5% or so.

Posted by human rights for all on November 6, 2009 22:28 ET

Joel Gershon, you're such a joke. Why don't you call up UNICEF and other internationally reputable NGOs and tell them that you are the TRUE expert on sex tourism, not them? Your rant makes you sound like a Western man in Thailand who doesn't want the status quo to change because you're enjoying yourself a little too much. According to your website, you have experience in public relations (advertising) so maybe you should consider a full-time job spreading propaganda: "Everyone in the sex tourism industry loves there job! Nobody is trafficked! No minors are ever involved in the industry! Sexually transmitted diseases are eradicated! Hurray!!"

It's beyond ridiculous for you to comment on this writer's reporting when your own work is embarrassing and has appeared mainly in tabloids such as the "Hollywood Reporter" (also according to your website). Men like you make me sick.

Posted by Kari on October 29, 2009 01:03 ET

Thank you for your story. I am confused by the very high statistic that you report on sexual trafficking though. This does not match other contemporary reliable sources which have far far lower estimates. The 2009 Trafficking in Persons Report released this past June cites the International Labor Organization (ILO) for its numbers: they estimate "that there are at least 12.3 million adults and children in forced labor, bonded labor, and commercial sexual servitude at any given time. Of these victims, the ILO estimates that at least 1.39 million are victims of commercial sexual servitude, both transnational and within countries." (p. 8, 2009 TIP Report). In other words, approximately 11 out of 12 trafficking cases are NOT sexual. Can you please explain the huge divergence in these estimates? Both are affiliated with the UN, but the latter is the source used by the US State Dept.

Posted by MongerSEA on October 29, 2009 02:45 ET

gbm22, no such statistics will be forthcoming, you may rest assured. Sex tourism, even when you factor in the economic benefit of air travel and hotel stays, is utterly dwarfed by domestic consumption in the pay-for-play marketplace.

The rest of the article is largely a bunch of empty-headed nonsense by NGO representatives looking to justify their jobs. Sexual crimes against children in South-East Asia have only two causes: the corruption of the police who refuse to thoroughly investigate at best, or are tuning a profit at worst; the gullibility of a majority of Asian parents who think their children are going to legitimate jobs, and the venality of the minority who are knowingly selling their children into slavery.

As long as the Royal Thai Police remain the most corrupt body in the country (indistinguishable from a mafia in virtually all regards) nothing is going to change. How to force this change is open to debate, but the West certainly has enough leverage if it starts speaking the language of boycott. All that's lacking is the will.

Posted by topkatnc on October 29, 2009 09:30 ET

MEN HAVE DONE N0THING BUT RUIN THE LIVES ON THIS PLANET AND RUINED THE PLANET...WHAT A SHAME...

Posted by stopchildabusecrimes on October 29, 2009 21:25 ET

Thank you for your article on child abuse and trafficking. We have information on child abuse and ritual abuse trafficking crimes at
http://ritualabuse.us

Posted by lattimore on October 29, 2009 23:57 ET

Clearly, the best, latest data available was used for this piece - all from reputable organisations... How would other commenters research this?

Posted by SC on October 30, 2009 11:09 ET

While I am sympathy for the author, relying on NGO data for accurate figures is risky, given their propensity for inflated numbers for their long term existence and private funding in these rough economic times. Nowever, the piece does have merit itself, and its a point well made.

Posted by Patrick Winn on November 3, 2009 05:43 ET

I want to point something out to anyone who hasn't traveled in Thailand: child prostitution is not widely tolerated here. I've talked to other Americans who imagine Bangkok red-light districts where children are openly traded to foreigners.

It's not like that here. At all. In fact, people seeking child prostitution are more likely to visit neighboring countries where, sadly, endemic poverty forces more children into that horrific life.

Secondly, alleging that Thailand may draw as much as 14 percent of its GDP from sex tourism cannot be substantiated in any way.

Thailand typically draws roughly 6 percent of its GDP from tourism -- traditional or otherwise.

Posted by human rights for all on November 5, 2009 23:08 ET

After hearing the author of this piece speak eloquently on Community Public Radio about her reporting, I am amused by all the undoubtedly Western males who continue to desperately deny the abuses she's documented here and elsewhere. Numerous scholars, including Siddharth Kara of Free the Slaves and Janis Foo of the Far Eastern Economic Review, have noted that poverty, the lack of social-safety nets and gaps in economic wealth are among the many factors that drive workers (often children) from the poorer nations in the Mekong region to seek better opportunities in neighboring Thailand. The relative disparities in wealth also creates huge incentives for human traffickers to operate in Thailand rather than Cambodia even if they recruit elsewhere. It should be no surprise that many undocumented/trafficked/"consenting" young women/men/children end up in Thailand's sex industry even if you don't see them in the obvious places anymore (Patpong District). As for accuracy of sources, I believe UNICEF and ECPAT-International, and local Thai NGOs more than I will ever believe these self-exculpating Western males. I am especially shocked by the unsubstantiated attack launched by Joel Gershon. His defensiveness suggests he is enjoying the sex industry as a Western male in Thailand (according to his website, he writes for the "Hollywood Reporter" so that gives us an idea about his journalistic integrity).

As a writer and academic who studies the relationship between prostitution and human trafficking and their affects on ethnic minority women and children in Thailand, I applaud Ms. Guzder. Keep up the commendable work! (Shocking news: I'm not a white male in Thailand, but a white female who has actually talked to young Thai women stuck in this industry).

Posted by PC on November 5, 2009 18:12 ET

This is very shoddy stuff. Look at this methodology for arriving at the number of sex-tourists in Thailand. "Start with a guess and multiply by an anecdote, and you arrive at a number of sex-tourists in-country on an average day." Jesus wept!

Posted by gregoryptm on November 8, 2009 22:44 ET

While your argue about the specifics of a statistic, it doesn't change the fact that thousands of children from Esarn are sold into sex slavery every year. And despite the handy convenience of the gender argument, WOMEN in Thailand, (mothers of those children and government officials and just plain folks in the street) continue to allow this to happen. There's poverty in lots of countries - Mexico, for example, and India - but the outright sale of children into the sex trade by their parents seems rather prevalent here. Can anyone adequately answer why that is the case?

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